FREE ESSAY ON FOUNDATION OF NATION

FOUNDATION OF NATION

Formation of Nation
A formation of nation occurs when a state has a unified administrative reach over the
territory over which its sovereignty is claimed. The development of a plurality of
nations is basic to the centralization and administrative expansion of state domination
internally. Therefore the nation-state, which exists in a complex of other nation-states,
is a set of institutional forms of governance maintaining an administrative monopoly over
an economic, political, social and cultural territory with demarcated borders, its rule
being sanctioned by law and direct control of the means of internal and external violence
exists when a state has a unified administrative reach over the territory over. Many
states were formed at a point in time when people sharing a common history, culture, and
language discovered a sense of identity. This was true in the cases of England and
France, for example, which were the first nation-states to emerge in the modern period,
and of Italy and Germany, which were established as nation-states in the 19th century. In
contrast, however, other states, such as India, the Soviet Union, and Switzerland, came
into existence without a common basis in race, culture, or language. It must also be
emphasized that contemporary nation-states were creations of different historical periods
and of varied circumstances. Before the close of the 19th century, the effective
mobilization of governmental powers on a national basis had occurred only in Europe, the
United States, and Japan.
The truest symbol of its importance is the printing press. For one thing, this invention
enormously increased the resources of government, which the fact that the printing press
increased the size of the educated and literate classes. Renaissance civilization thus
took a quantum jump, acquiring deeper foundations than any of its predecessors or
contemporaries by calling into play the intelligence of more individuals than ever
before. After printing press increased, each state-nation needed to have its own
vernacular language in order to represent to its nation. This is the one of necessary
things in formation of nation.
Ethnic identity is an important construction in the formation of the nation, as a result
of the origin of race, using vernacular language, and patriotic thought throughout the
world. In 19th-century Europe, these doctrines influenced various movements for the
liberation of ethnic minorities from the old European empires and led to some partially
successful attempts to establish nation-states along ethnic lines, as in the case of
Italy. After World War II the rising tide of democratic aspirations among the colonial
peoples of Asia and Africa led to the breakup of empires established by European
conquerors, sometimes in areas of enormous ethnic complexity, without regard to ethnic
considerations. The result was a proliferation of national states, some of which
experienced local conflicts with ethnic-related causes. Most of the countries in Asia
were relatively homogeneous.
Ritual and other cultural institutions make the formation of the nation. The example of
Korea, the social structure of the traditional society is described as hierarchical,
class bound, based on kinship, and divided into relatively few effectively organized
social groupings; its economic basis is primarily agricultural, and industry and commerce
are relatively undeveloped; its political institutions are those of sacred high classes,
rule by a nobility. The social system of the transitional society is typified by the
formation of new classes, especially a middle class and a proletariat, and conflict among
ethnic, religious, and cultural groupings; its economic system experiences major tensions
as the result of technological development, the growth of industry, urbanization, and the
use of rapid communications; its political institutions are typically authoritarian,
although constitutional forms also make their appearance.