FREE ESSAY ON URBAN SOCIOLOGY

URBAN SOCIOLOGY

In David A. Snow's book, Down on their Luck depicts the lives and horrors of homeless
people in Austin, Texas. Homelessness is a crisis that has had an impact in our lives.
Many people think that homeless people are those who are the mentally ill that are a
threat to society, however, that is not the case. Majority of people who are victims of
homelessness are those who have been pushed out of their homes, victims of environment
catastrophes, the elderly, runaways, and unemployed individuals who are forced to move
out because they can't pay rent. Some even face homelessness when they flee their
countries for political and economical reasons. There are three themes in Snow's book
that I feel are significant to address. The first theme I will talk about are the three
dimensions of homelessness. Each of the groups in Snow's book experience some degree of
homelessness, but the nature of that experience often varies considerable among them.
These differences can be clarified by considering three separate dimensions of
homelessness. The first dimension being life-style characterized by the absence of
conventional permanent housing, the second dimension being the presence or absence of
familial support, and the third dimension being the degree of dignity and moral worth
associated with the various categories of homelessness. These dimensions may be reasons
why people become homeless. Snow feels that homeless street people are more likely to be
perceived as homeless by virtue of their own imperfections or moral failings(p. 9). As we
can see from this quote, people don't take the three dimensions into consideration when
viewing the causes of homelessness. People feel that the reasons for homelessness are
inadequate work-skill, laziness, and failings in life.
The second theme I will address is the inadequate care homeless people have in hospitals.
The poor do not qualify for Medicaid because they don't make enough to get insurance.
Thus, many homeless people have to go to hospitals that are understaffed or an outpatient
clinic. According to Snow, hospitals are disinclined to keep the homeless overnight
because they are financial liabilities. They try to avoid inpatient care for the homeless
except in life-threatening situations(p.90). Snow gave an example of homeless person
named Marylyn who suffered from a broken ankle and was taped and sent home by the
hospital. Marylyn returned to the hospital a few days later because her ankle was later
diagnosed as broken due to her putting too much pressure on it. All of this could have
been avoided if the hospital would have given her bed rest. A homeless person is always
on their feet and it is very hard for them to have bed rest. The hospital should have
recognized this and given her adequate care for her ankle to heal. Snow states hospitals
have dealt with the homeless in a band-aid, revolving-door fashion, quickly dispensing
remedial assistance and sending them back onto the streets(p.90). This is extremely
unfair because a person with insurance would have been treated way differently then this.

The last theme I would like to address is the of low paying jobs homeless people have
which prevent them from paying rent and putting them on the streets. If income keeps pace
with the cost of housing, then the structural basis for homelessness is not so robust.
If, however, housing costs escalate much more rapidly than income, then the incidence of
homeless is likely to increase dramatically. Many homeless newcomers do indeed find work,
but they are rarely the type of jobs that enable them to escape the streets. Snow feels
that the regular work market, as we have seen, was not responsive to the employment needs
of the homeless, and the day-labor market seldom provided jobs that paid a living wage
for more than a few days running(p. 243). Many of the jobs the homeless quit are hardly
the kinds worth keeping. Such jobs can best be thought of as stopgap measures that keep
the worker off the streets, but only for a while. The jobs homeless people can get are
low paying jobs that require not much skill. Homeless people move from job to job hoping
they can find a job in which it pays enough to put them off the streets. 
David Snow does an excellent job showing the struggles that homeless people go through. I
feel there is a huge prejudice in homelessness when it comes to the job market and
hospitals. In the job market, homeless people are forced to take low paying/low skill
jobs skills because technology has changed in which they haven't learned the new skills.
The type of jobs they get don't pay enough to put them off the streets. It basically gets
them to survive for the day. I also feel that hospitals are very prejudice when it comes
to treatment to homeless people. The homeless do not have any sort of insurance and thus
they will get inadequate care compared to a person with insurance. A person with
insurance is treated extremely different and will get the best treatment to heal his/her
injuries. However, a homeless person is given an inadequate treatment and are considered
a liability because they can't pay for the hospital bills. Homelessness is a major
injustice we have in our society.